Protective effect of apigenin magnesium complex on H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-induced oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in rat hepatic stellate cells
Xuwang Pan, Yidan Shao, Fugen Wang, Zhaobin Cai, Shourong Liu, Jianjun Xi, Ruoyu He, Yanmei Zhao, Rangxiao Zhuang
Abstract
Context Apigenin displays antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. However, effects of apigenin magnesium (AM) complex on these aspects remain unknown.Objective This study investigated the effects of AM complex on oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced rat hepatic stellate cells (HSCs).Materials and methods The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of AM complex at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/mL were evaluated, comparing to HSCs treated by H2O2 alone. Cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS), the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) levels were measured. Moreover, cell apoptosis, mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), NF-κB, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were assessed.Results AM complex significantly inhibited oxidative stress and inflammatory response at concentrations of 0.625, 1.25, and 2.5 mg/mL (IC50 = 1.679 mg/mL). AM complex elevated the survival rate of H2O2-treated HSCs and had no toxic effects on HSCs. AM complex also promoted SOD activity and GSH levels but suppressed ROS, MDA, and NO levels. Additionally, AM complex decreased IL-6 and NF-κB levels, gene expression of TGF-β, NF-κB, and iNOS, as well as induced apoptosis of HSCs.Discussion and conclusions Data indicated that AM complex mitigated oxidative stress and inflammatory responses on H2O2-treated HSCs, suggesting that AM complex is a possible candidate for anti-hepatic diseases. Additional efforts, both in vivo and in humans, are required to assess of AM complex as a potential therapeutic drug in liver diseases.