CO2 capture and conversion into valuable chemicals using graphitic carbon nitride: A review
Mahmoud N. Almakhadmeh, Mohmed N. Almubarak, Sagheer A. Onaizi
Abstract
Carbon dioxide emission to the atmosphere are the main cause of global warming and the accompanying climate change. Accordingly, effective approaches have to be developed/implemented to tackle CO 2 emission and, ideally, reverse its negative consequences. Recently, graphitic carbon nitride (i.e., GCN or g-C 3 N 4 ) has emerged as attractive material for CO 2 capture and conversion. However, recent, comprehensive reviews on the performance of g-C 3 N 4 in the capture and conversion of CO 2 are still very limited in the published literature. Accordingly, this article presents a comprehensive review of the recent progress in the application of g-C 3 N 4 for CO 2 capture and conversion. It commences with a brief introduction, followed by a brief overview of the structure of g-C 3 N 4 and its commonly used synthesis methods. Detailed review of the recent studies on the utilization of g-C 3 N 4 for CO 2 capture via adsorption is presented next. Yet, the main part of this review article is devoted to discuss recent progresses in the photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermo-catalytic conversion of CO 2 using g-C 3 N 4 . The mechanisms of these processes, in addition to the effects of several factors on the conversion of CO 2 using g-C 3 N 4 have also been thoroughly discussed. Outlooks and recommendations for future research work to address the challenges and obstacles facing the application of g-C 3 N 4 for CO 2 capture and conversion have been highlighted at the end of this review. • Recent advances in CO 2 capture and conversion using graphitic carbon nitride is reviewed. • Different CO 2 conversion techniques using graphitic carbon nitride are covered. • Photocatalytic, electrocatalytic, and thermal catalytic CO 2 conversion are discussed. • Mechanisms of CO 2 conversion using graphitic carbon nitride are presented and analyzed. • Obstacles and challenges are identified, and future work to address them is proposed.