Evolutionary mechanisms in the plastic deformation of γ'-Ni3(Al, Ti)-strengthened additively manufactured nickel-based 939 superalloys at intermediate temperatures
Tongfei Zou, Meng Liu, Quanyi Wang, Yunqing Jiang, Hao Wu, Zhenhuan Gao, Yubing Pei, Hong Zhang, Yongjie Liu, Qingyuan Wang
Abstract
Tensile interruption experiments with different strains were conducted on additively fabricated nickel-based Inconel 939 superalloys at 700 °C to investigate the evolution of multiple deformation mechanisms. The microstructures of different strain groups captured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were analyzed, and it was concluded that a total of four various deformation mechanisms were identified, of which the first to be activated was the Orowan loop bypassing γ', and a tendency of transition from double to single loop was observed. Anti-phase boundary (APB) shearing was subsequently initiated, with a needed critical resolved shear stress level of approximately 195.82 MPa. Stacking faults (SFs) and deformation twinnings were observed at higher stress, accompanied by the dissociation of dislocations. In addition, the magnitude of the stacking fault energy of AM 939 superalloys at intermediate temperature was calculated and estimated by matching the experimental phenomena with the critical shear stress.