Techno-economic analysis of solar photovoltaic systems integrated with battery energy storage for university campuses
Hongyang Zhou, Jinpeng Bi, Yuexia Lv, Wei Zhao, Hui Zhang, Tingting Du
Abstract
The underutilized rooftop spaces on university campuses offer substantial potential for deploying solar photovoltaic (PV) systems, which reduce energy costs, lower carbon emissions and enhance energy independence. This study aims to optimize the techno-economic performance of PV systems integrated with battery energy storage systems (PV-BESS) across various configurations to maximize lifecycle net income. An optimization model is developed using a mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) algorithm to optimize energy storage outputs and grid interaction power under different scenarios. Taking Shandong University in China as a case study, the rooftop PV installation capacities are estimated at 74.5 kW, 189.9 kW and 141 kW, yielding annual power generation of 88.20 MWh, 116.89 MWh and 224.61 MWh for residential, office and academic buildings, respectively. The integration of BESS increases the PV power self-consumption rate by up to 9.09 %, 4.1 %, and 4.79 % for residential, academic, and office buildings, respectively. Economic analysis for the residential building in Scenario 3 demonstrates that BESS integration enhances net income to 289,200 CNY and achieves a return on investment of 63.97 %. Furthermore, the payback period for PV-BESS is reduced across all building types in Scenario 3, achieving 8.46 years for residential buildings, 7.41 years for academic buildings, and 7.81 years for office buildings. Additionally, the environmental benefits of PV-BESS are significant, with substantial reductions in CO 2 , SO 2 and NO x emissions, which illustrates the role of PV-BESS in promoting sustainable energy solutions and mitigating climate change .