Socioeconomic patterns and COVID-19 outcomes before, during and after the lockdown in Italy (2020)
Alberto Mateo‐Urdiales, Massimo Fabiani, Aldo Rosano, Maria Fenicia Vescio, Martina Del Manso, Antonino Bella, Flavia Riccardo, Patrizio Pezzotti, Enrique Regidor, Xanthi Andrianou
Abstract
The objective was to investigate the association between deprivation and COVID-19 outcomes in Italy during pre-lockdown, lockdown and post-lockdown periods using a retrospective cohort study with 38,534,169 citizens and 222,875 COVID-19 cases. Multilevel negative binomial regression models, adjusting for age, sex, population-density and region of residence were conducted to evaluate the association between area-level deprivation and COVID-19 incidence, case-hospitalisation rate and case-fatality. During lockdown and post-lockdown, but not during pre-lockdown, higher incidence of cases was observed in the most deprived municipalities compared with the least deprived ones. No differences in case-hospitalisation and case-fatality according to deprivation were observed in any period under study.