Postoperative pulmonary complications and mortality after major abdominal surgery. An observational multicenter prospective study
Federico Piccioni, PPCs Investigators Group, Lorenzo Spagnesi, Paolo Pelosi, Elena Bignami, Marcello Guarnieri, Luca Fumagalli, Enrico Polati, Vittorio Schweiger, Daniela Comi, Rocco D’Andrea, Pierangelo Di Marco, Savino Spadaro, Serena Antonelli, Liliana Sollazzi, Lucia Mirabella, M. Schiavoni, Cristiana Laici, Jlenia Alessia Marelli, Fabio Fabiani, Lorenzo Ball, Agostino Roasio, Giuseppe Servillo, Matteo FRANCHI, Patrizia Murino, M Irone, Vieri Parrini, Germano De Cosmo, G. Cornara, Franco Ruberto, G. Pasta, Lorenzo FERRARI, Massimiliano Greco, Maurizio Cecconi, Giorgio Della Rocca
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Postoperative pulmonary complications (PPCs) significantly contribute to postoperative morbidity and mortality. We conducted a study to determine the incidence of PPCs after major elective abdominal surgery and their association with early and 1-year mortality in patient without pre-existing respiratory disease. METHODS: We conducted a multicenter observational prospective clinical study in 40 Italian centers. 1542 patients undergoing elective major abdominal surgery were recruited in a time period of 14 days and clinically managed according to local protocol. The primary outcome was to determine the incidence of PPCs. Further, we aimed to identify independent predictors for PPCs and examine the association between PPCs and mortality. RESULTS: PPCs occurred in 12.6% (95% CI 11.1-14.4%) of patients with significant differences among general (18.3%, 95% CI 15.7-21.0%), gynecological (3.7%, 95% CI 2.1-6.0%) and urological surgery (9.0%, 95% CI 6.0-12.8%). PPCs development was associated with known pre- and intraoperative risk factors. Patients who developed PPCs had longer length of hospital stay, higher risk of 30-days hospital readmission, and increased in-hospital and one-year mortality (OR 3.078, 95% CI 1.825-5.191; P<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The incidence of PPCs in patients without pre-existing respiratory disease undergoing elective abdominal surgery is high and associated with worse clinical outcome at one year after surgery. General surgery is associated with higher incidence of PPCs and mortality compared to gynecological and urological surgery.