Eco-friendly and bio-based approaches for flame-retardant functionalization of textile materials: a review
Tekalgn Mamay Daget, Bantamlak Birlie Kassie, Molla Tadesse Abate, Meseret Teshome, Mekides Mastewal Arega, Desalegn Atalie
Abstract
The use of natural and synthetic textile materials in various industries is significant, but their flammability poses a risk in case of fire accidents. These textile materials contain a significant amount of carbon and hydrogen in their structure, which can act as fuel for combustion. As a result, these textile materials can be hazardous in the event of a fire accident. Therefore, the application of fire-retardant treatments to textile materials has great importance to mitigate fire risks. Despite the availability of numerous effective flame retardants for textile applications, there is a need to develop new environmentally friendly flame-retardant agents and treatments that are both effective and environmentally friendly. The application of flame-retardant compounds is evolving globally, considering modifications to textile surfaces and the use of environmentally friendly materials. Thus, this review focuses on the functionalization of textile materials with bio-based and eco-friendly flame retardants and reviews recent studies on the use of compounds such as phytic acid, lignin, eggshell, gelatin, chitosan, nanosized/nanomaterial, and phosphorus-containing flame retardants on natural and synthetic textiles. The review highlights bio-based and eco-friendly approaches and improvement of flame-retardant efficiency of textiles through synergistic interaction of phosphorus with other environmentally acceptable elements like nitrogen and silicon.