Magnesium-Enhanced Reactivity of Boron Particles: Role of Mg/B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Exothermic Surface Reactions
Pankaj Ghildiyal, Feiyu Xu, A. Rojas, Yujie Wang, Mahbub Chowdhury, Prithwish Biswas, Steven Herrera, Reza Abbaschian, Michael R. Zachariah
Abstract
Boron offers great promise as a candidate fuel in high-energy composites as a result of its high gravimetric and volumetric energy content; however, its oxidation rate is limited by sluggish diffusion of reactive species across its low-melting oxide shell. On the other hand, Mg nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown recently to undergo fast oxidation following rapid vaporization (∼100 μs at high heating rates of ∼10 5 °C/s). This release of vapor-phase Mg can potentially be exploited to react exothermically (Δ H r = −420 kJ/mol) with the B 2 O 3 layer of boron, inducing surface disrputions and promoting its combustion. In this paper, we explore this effect by evaluating Mg NPs as additive fuel to B/CuO nanoenergetic composites. We observe that incorporating Mg as an additive fuel in B/CuO composites results in a ∼6-fold enhancement in reactivity with a ∼60% reduction in burn time. Through thermal and reaction product analysis along with high-speed time-of-flight mass spectrometry (T-jump/TOFMS) and ignition characterization, we investigate the reaction mechanism of Mg/B 2 O 3 particles as a simulant system for the interaction of Mg with the B 2 O 3 shell of boron. These characterizations reveal that exothermic heterogeneous reactions occur between vapor-phase Mg and the molten B 2 O 3 shell of boron at ∼500–650 °C. The role of these exothermic surface reactions in inducing surface modifications and reactivity enhancement of boron particles is discussed.