Carbon Monoxide Emissions from the Washington, DC, and Baltimore Metropolitan Area: Recent Trend and COVID-19 Anomaly
Israel Lopez‐Coto, Xinrong Ren, A. Karion, Kathryn McKain, Colm Sweeney, Russell R. Dickerson, Brian McDonald, Doyeon Ahn, R. J. Salawitch, Hao He, P. B. Shepson, J. R. Whetstone
Abstract
We analyze airborne measurements of atmospheric CO concentration from 70 flights conducted over six years (2015–2020) using an inverse model to quantify the CO emissions from the Washington, DC, and Baltimore metropolitan areas. We found that CO emissions have been declining in the area at a rate of ≈−4.5 % a–1 since 2015 or ≈−3.1 % a–1 since 2016. In addition, we found that CO emissions show a “Sunday” effect, with emissions being lower, on average, than for the rest of the week and that the seasonal cycle is no larger than 16 %. Our results also show that the trend derived from the NEI agrees well with the observed trend, but that NEI daytime-adjusted emissions are ≈50 % larger than our estimated emissions. In 2020, measurements collected during the shutdown in activity related to the COVID-19 pandemic indicate a significant drop in CO emissions of 16 % relative to the expected emissions trend from the previous years, or 23 % relative to the mean of 2016 to February 2020. Our results also indicate a larger reduction in April than in May. Last, we show that this reduction in CO emissions was driven mainly by a reduction in traffic.