Data Driven and Psycholinguistics Motivated Approaches to Hate Speech Detection
Samuel Caetano da Silva, Thiago Castro Ferreira, Ricelli Moreira Silva Ramos, Ivandré Paraboni
Abstract
Computational models of hate speech detection and related tasks (e.g., detecting misogyny, racism, xenophobia, homophobia etc.) have emerged as major Natural Language Processing (NLP) research topics in recent years. In the present work, we investigate a range of alternative implementations of three of these tasks - namely, hate speech, aggressive behaviour and target group recognition- by presenting a number of experiments involving different learning methods, including regularised logistic regression, convolutional neural networks (CNN) and deep bidirectional transformers (BERT), and using word embeddings, word n-grams, character n-grams and psycholinguistics-motivated (LIWC) features a like. Results suggest that a purely data-driven BERT model, and to some extent also a hybrid psycholinguisticly informed CNN model, generally outperform the alternatives under consideration for all tasks in both English and Spanish languages.