Selected bacterial strains enhance phosphorus availability from biochar-based rock phosphate fertilizer
Aline do Amaral Leite, Arnon Afonso de Souza Cardoso, Rafael de Almeida Leite, Silvia Maria de Oliveira-Longatti, José Ferreira Lustosa Filho, Fátima Maria de Souza Moreira, Leônidas Carrijo Azevedo Melo
Abstract
Abstract Purpose The co-pyrolysis of biomass and soluble phosphates generates biochar-based phosphate fertilizers (BBF), which may enhance phosphorus (P) input in soil and P uptake by plants. Conversely, pyrolysis of biomass impregnated with rock phosphate results in low P solubility and may not supplement plant requirement in short term. However, bacterial strains promoting rock phosphate solubilization increases P use efficiency and can be applied to BBFs. Methods An in vitro assay was conducted to investigate the solubilization profile of five bacterial strains ( Pseudomonas sp.—UFPI-B5-8A, Burkholderia fungorum —UFLA 04-155, Acinetobacter sp.—UFLA 03-09, Paenebacillus kribbensis —UFLA 03-10, and Paenibacillus sp.—UFLA 03-116) isolated from common bean and cowpea nodules in a rock phosphate BBF. Additionally, a pot trial was carried out aiming to investigate the influence on maize growth by inoculation of three selected strains under a rock phosphate BBF fertilization. Results Inoculations with UFPI B5-8A, UFLA 04-155, and UFLA 03-09 were efficient in solubilizing P in vitro, being closely associated with pH decrease, likely due to the release of organic acids. As for the pot trial, the dose of 400 mg kg −1 of P in the BBF using UFPI B5-8A significantly increased maize shoot dry matter. All strains significantly enhanced P availability in the soil. Conclusions Bacterial inoculation in biochar-based rock phosphate aiming to improve its fertilizer value is an inexpensive and sustainable strategy to improve maize growth and enhance available P in soil and should be further explored.