Eco synthesized chitosan/zinc oxide nanocomposites as the next generation of nano-delivery for antibacterial, antioxidant, antidiabetic potential, and chronic wound repair
Diksha Halarnekar, Muniappan Ayyanar, Peramaiyan Gangapriya, Mohan Kalaskar, Vivek Redasani, Nilambari Gurav, Dr. Sameer Nadaf, Suprit D. Saoji, Nilesh Rarokar, Shailendra Gurav
Abstract
The present research work aimed at synthesizing chitosan-coated Zinc oxide nanocomposites ( NS -CS/ZnONCs) by a bio-inspired method using an aqueous extract of Nigella sativa ( NS ) seeds and employing a quality-by-design approach (Box-Behnken design) . The biosynthesized NS -CS/ZnONCs were physicochemically characterized and subjected to their in-vitro and in-vivo therapeutic potential. The zeta potential value of −11.2 mV and −12.6 mV indicated the stability of NS -mediated synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles ( NS -ZnONPs) and NS -CS/ZnONCs, respectively. The particle size of NS -ZnONPs and NS -CS/ZnONCs were 288.1 nm and 130.2 nm, respectively, with PDI of 0.198 and 0.158. NS -ZnONPs and NS -CS/ZnONCs showed superior radical scavenging abilities, excellent α-amylase, and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities. Also, NS -ZnONPs and NS -CS/ZnONCs demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against selected pathogens. Furthermore, NS -ZnONPs and NS -CS/ZnONCs demonstrated significant ( p < 0.001 ) wound closure with 93.00 ± 0.43 % and 95.67 ± 0.43 % on the 15 th day of treatment at the dose of 14 mg/wound, compared to 93.42 ± 0.58 % of standard. Collagen turnover was represented by hydroxyproline , which was shown to be significantly ( p < 0.001 ) higher in the NS -ZnONPs (60.70 ± 1.44 mg/g of tissue) and NS -CS/ZnONCs (66.10 ± 1.23 mg/g of tissue) treatment groups than in the control group (47.7 ± 0.81 mg/g of tissue). Thus the NS -ZnONPs and NS -CS/ZnONCs could effectively develop promising drugs to inhibit pathogens and chronic tissue repair.