Conductivity and Stability Enhancement of PEDOT:PSS Electrodes <i>via</i> Facile Doping of Sodium 3-Methylsalicylate for Highly Efficient Flexible Organic Light-Emitting Diodes
Lihui Liu, Wu Lei, Hao Yang, Honggang Ge, Juxuan Xie, Kun Cao, Gang Cheng, Shufen Chen
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is one of the most prospering transparent conductive materials for flexible optoelectronic devices, which arises from its nonpareil features of low-cost solution processability, tunable conductivity, high transparency, and superior mechanical flexibility. However, acidity and hygroscopicity of PSS chains cause a decrease in conductivity, substrate corrosion, and device degradation. This work proposes a facile and effective direct doping strategy of sodium 3-methylsalicylate to enhance the conductivity, alleviate the acidity, and improve the stability of PEDOT:PSS electrodes, simultaneously. Owing to the formation of weaker acid and PSS-Na, PSS chains are disentangled from the coiled PEDOT:PSS complexes, leading to the phase separation of PEDOT:PSS and the formation of fibril-like PEDOT domains. Eventually, the sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode is employed in flexible organic light-emitting diodes with an outstanding external quantum efficiency of up to 25%. The improved performance is attributed to the more matched work function and the as-formed interfacial dipole. The sodium 3-methylsalicylate-modified PEDOT:PSS electrode with high conductivity and transmittance, superior stability in the air as well as good mechanical flexibility has the potential to be the most promising transparent conductive material for flexible optoelectronic device applications.