Applications of terahertz waves in medical diagnostics: a literature review
Manushak Movsisyan, Amirah Abdulmohsen Al-Rossais, Shibli Sayeed, Gayane Movsisyan
Abstract
Terahertz (THz) waves, occupying a unique position bridging microwave and infrared wavelengths, exhibit promising potential across diverse domains, particularly in medicine. With attributes such as non-ionizing nature and notable resolution capabilities, THz waves offer avenues for non-invasive medical applications. In cancer diagnosis, THz spectroscopy emerges as a pivotal tool for qualitative and quantitative analysis of biomarkers, enabling swift and accurate differentiation of substances based on molecular structure. Despite challenges such as limited penetration depth in tissue, THz imaging proves invaluable in discriminating cancerous tissues from normal ones during surgery. In this paper we have summarized recent research results on practical implementation of THz waves in medicine. Recent advancements in in vivo imaging showcase promising results, although challenges persist in human-based studies due to tissue complexity. Integration of advanced algorithms enhances the accuracy of cancerous tissue identification. Additionally, THz spectroscopy finds versatile applications in pharmaceuticals and life sciences, offering insights into molecular interactions critical for drug efficacy and understanding protein conformations. Further advancements in THz systems, including enhanced light sources and detectors, are crucial to propel biomedical research forward. Establishment of a comprehensive THz spectrum database will augment existing data, emphasizing the potential of THz waves to revolutionize medical diagnostics and treatment modalities.