Innate Immune Invisible Ultrasmall Gold Nanoparticles—Framework for Synthesis and Evaluation
Geyunjian Harry Zhu, Mohammad Azharuddin, Rakibul Islam, Hassan Rahmoune, Suryyani Deb, Upasona Kanji, Jyotirmoy Das, Johannes W. M. Osterrieth, Parminder Kaur Aulakh, Hashi Ibrahim-Hashi, Raghav Manchanda, Per H. Nilsson, Tom Eirik Mollnes, Maitreyee Bhattacharyya, Mohammad Mirazul Islam, Jorma Hinkula, Nigel K.H. Slater, Hirak K. Patra
Abstract
cell viability assays, immunotoxicity assays, inflammatory cytokine analysis, a complement activation study, and blood coagulation studies with the uGNPs to confirm their safety. These can help to set up a long-term safety-benefit framework of experimentation to reveal whether any designed nanoparticles are immune-tolerable and can be used as payload carriers for next-generation vaccines, chemotherapeutic drugs, and theranostic agents with better body clearance ability and deep tissue penetration.