Heterogeneous SARS-CoV-2 humoral response after COVID-19 vaccination and/or infection in the general population
Fabrice Carrat, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Nathanaël Lapidus, Toscane Fourié, Hélène Blanché, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Jean‐François Deleuze, Olivier Robineau, SAPRIS-SERO Study Group, Fabrice Carrat, Marie Zins, Gianluca Severi, Mathilde Touvier, Hélène Blanché, Jean‐François Deleuze, Xavier de Lamballerie, Clovis Lusivika‐Nzinga, Grégory Pannetier, Nathanael Lapidus, Isabelle Goderel, Céline Dorival, Jérôme Nicol, Olivier Robineau, Sofiane Kab, Adeline Renuy, Stéphane Le-Got, Céline Ribet, Mireille Pellicer, Emmanuel Wiernik, Marcel Goldberg, Fanny Artaud, Pascale Gerbouin-Rérolle, Mélody Enguix, C Laplanche, Roselyn Gomes-Rima, Lyan Hoang, Emmanuelle Correia, Alpha Amadou Barry, Nadège Senina, Julien Allègre, Fabien Szabo de Edelenyi, Nathalie Druesne‐Pecollo, Younes Esseddik, Serge Hercberg, Mélanie Deschasaux, Hélène Blanché, Jean-Marc Sébaoun, Jean-Christophe Beaudoin, Lætitia Gressin, Valérie Deldrève, Ouissam Ouili, Jean‐François Deleuze, Läétitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Toscane Fourié, Souand Mohamed Ali, Abdenour Amroun, Morgan Seston, Nazlı Ayhan, Boris Pastorino, Mathilde Touvier, Gianluca Severi, Marie Zins, Xavier de Lamballerie
Abstract
Assessment of the intensity, dynamics and determinants of the antibody response after SARS-CoV-2 infection or vaccination in the general population is critical to guide vaccination policies. This study characterized the anti-spike IgG titers in 13,971 participants included in a French multicohort population-based serological survey on COVID-19 between April and October 2020 and followed-up with serological testing between May and October 2021. Eight follow-up profiles were defined depending on SARS-CoV-2 infection (0, 1 or 2) and COVID-19 vaccination (0, 1, 2 or 3). The anti-spike titer was lower in adults with no vaccination even in case of infection or reinfection, while it was higher in adults with infection followed by vaccination. The anti-spike titer was negatively correlated with age in vaccinated but uninfected adults, whereas it was positively correlated with age in unvaccinated but infected adults. In adults with 2 vaccine injections and no infection, the vaccine protocol, age, gender, and time since the last vaccine injection were independently associated with the anti-spike titer. The decrease in anti-spike titer was much more rapid in vaccinated than in infected subjects. These results highlight the strong heterogeneity of the antibody response against SARS-CoV-2 in the general population depending on previous infection and vaccination.