Rapid tumor inhibition<i>via</i>magnetic hyperthermia regulated by caspase 3 with time-dependent clearance of iron oxide nanoparticles
Anjali Chauhan, Swati Midha, Ravi Kumar, Ravindra Kumar Meena, Pooja Singh, Sushil K. Jha, Bijoy K. Kuanr
Abstract
-MHT-treated group. Real-time gene expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1α, IL-1β) confirmed the intratumoral activation of IL-6, suggesting the role of immunomodulation in triggering the adaptive immune response for faster tumor regression in the treated group. In addition, the biodistribution and clearance rate of MNPs monitored using ICP-OES confirmed their time-dependent biodegradation via excretion (urine, feces), phagocytosis (liver) and circulatory system (blood), with negligible deposition in other major organs (kidney, heart, lungs). Although we could not show complete clearance of our MNPs within the time frame tested, future studies should focus on combining MHT with immunotherapy, and target tumors at a much-reduced iron dose, consequently improving in vivo clearance rate, and hence overcoming the limitations of MHT in clinical therapy.