Carbon capture, utilization and storage opportunities to mitigate greenhouse gases
Muhammad Imran Rashid, Zahida Yaqoob, M.A. Mujtaba, M.A. Kalam, H. Fayaz, Atika Qazi
Abstract
Carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technologies are utmost need of the modern era. CCUS technologies adoption is compulsory to keep global warming below 1.5 °C. Mineral carbonation (MC) is considered one of the safest and most viable methods to sequester anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO 2 ). MC is an exothermic reaction and occur naturally in the subsurface because of fluid-rock interactions with serpentinite. In serpentine carbonation, CO 2 reacts with magnesium to produce carbonates. This article covers CO 2 mitigation technologies especially mineral carbonation, mineral carbonation by natural and industrial materials, mineral carbonation feedstock availability in Pakistan, detailed characterization of serpentine from Skardu serpentinite belt, geo sequestration, oceanic sequestration, CO 2 to urea and CO 2 to methanol and other chemicals. Advantages, disadvantages, and suitability of these technologies is discussed. These technologies are utmost necessary for Pakistan as recent climate change induced flooding devastated one third of Pakistan affecting millions of families. Hence, Pakistan must store CO 2 through various CCUS technologies.