Certified Randomness from Untrusted Sources and Uncharacterized Measurements
Xing Ping Lin, Rong Wang, Shuang Wang, Zhen‐Qiang Yin, Wei Chen, Guang‐Can Guo, Zheng‐Fu Han
Abstract
Generating random numbers plays an important role in many scientific applications. Compared to pseudorandom number generators, a quantum device is capable of generating true random numbers by the laws of quantum mechanics. However, information-theoretical secure random numbers are regularly based on a perfect device model, which may deviate from a real-world device. To close this gap, we propose a quantum random number generation protocol and experimentally demonstrate it. In our protocol, we make no assumptions about the source. Some reasonable assumptions on the trusted two-dimensional measurement are needed, but we do not require a detailed characterization. Even if considering the most general quantum attack and using the general sources, we achieve a randomness generation rate of over 1 Mbps with a universal composable security parameter of 10^{-10}.