Dupilumab and conjunctivitis: a case series of twenty patients
Giulia Calabrese, Alessio Gambardella, Gaetano Licata, Eugenia Veronica Di Brizzi, Roberto Alfano, Giuseppe Argenziano
Abstract
and busyness level (P = 0.03), and positively associated with stress (P < 0.001) and air pressure (P = 0.05). In addition, POEM was significantly higher in weeks with high Birch (P = 0.018) and Elm pollen (P = 0.008). Daily temperature tended to associate negatively with POEM while daily active time and diurnal temperature range showed no association with POEM. POEM was higher in weeks with shorter sleep duration, however, not significant (P = 0.061). Occasionally, the associations between triggers and POEM indicated opposite responses in the study population (Fig. iSCORAD was positively associated with the self-reported stress levels (P = 0.002) but not with any of the other passive data. iSCORAD was, however, strongly associated with POEM in a linear mixed effect model (P < 0.001). Our findings are in line with previous studies reporting that low humidity decreases skin barrier function and, for most subjects, increases AD symptoms 4 that discrepancies exist with regards to temperature, which may be both protective 3,4 and harmful, 7 and that AD symptoms can be triggered by a variety of pollens. 8,9 Furthermore, stress is a well-known trigger factor which this study also supports. 10 Overall, our data indicate that within AD, the importance of specific trigger factors varies from patient to patient. In conclusion, data collected passively through the smartphone (mainly GPS) is associated with patients' subjective disease severity (POEM). This was shown for air humidity and -pressure, pollen and overall busyness level supporting that lifestyle and environmental factors are linked to AD disease activity.