ALESS-JWST: Joint (Sub)kiloparsec JWST and ALMA Imaging of <i>z</i> ~ 3 Submillimeter Galaxies Reveals Heavily Obscured Bulge Formation Events
Jacqueline Hodge, Elisabete da Cunha, Sarah Kendrew, Juno Li, Ian Smail, Bethany A. Westoby, Omnarayani Nayak, A. M. Swinbank, Chian-Chou Chen, Fabian Walter, P. van der Werf, Misty Cracraft, Andrew Battisti, W. N. Brandt, G. Calistro Rivera, S. C. Chapman, P. Cox, H. Dannerbauer, Roberto Decarli, Marta Frias Castillo, T. R. Greve, K. K. Knudsen, S. K. Leslie, K. M. Menten, Matus Rybak, Eva Schinnerer, J. L. Wardlow, A. Weiß
Abstract
Abstract We present JWST NIRCam imaging targeting 13 z ~ 3 infrared-luminous ( L IR ∼ 5 × 10 12 L ⊙ ) galaxies from the ALESS survey with uniquely deep, high-resolution (0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mtext>″</mml:mtext> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:math> 08–0 <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" overflow="scroll"> <mml:mover> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>.</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo accent="false">″</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mover> </mml:math> 16) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array 870 μ m imaging. The 2.0–4.4 μ m (observed frame) NIRCam imaging reveals the rest-frame near-infrared stellar emission in these submillimeter-selected galaxies at the same (sub)kiloparsec resolution as the 870 μ m dust continuum. The newly revealed stellar morphologies show striking similarities with the dust continuum morphologies at 870 μ m, with the centers and position angles agreeing for most sources, clearly illustrating that the spatial offsets reported previously between the 870 μ m and Hubble Space Telescope morphologies were due to strong differential dust obscuration. The F444W sizes are 78% ± 21% larger than those measured at 870 μ m, in contrast to recent results from hydrodynamical simulations that predict larger 870 μ m sizes. We report evidence for significant dust obscuration in F444W for the highest-redshift sources, emphasizing the importance of longer-wavelength MIRI imaging. The majority of the sources show evidence that they are undergoing mergers/interactions, including tidal tails/plumes—some of which are also detected at 870 μ m. We find a clear correlation between NIRCam colors and 870 μ m surface brightness on ∼1 kpc scales, indicating that the galaxies are primarily red due to dust—not stellar age—and we show that the dust structure on ∼kpc scales is broadly similar to that in nearby galaxies. Finally, we find no strong stellar bars in the rest-frame near-infrared, suggesting the extended bar-like features seen at 870 μ m are highly obscured and/or gas-dominated structures that are likely early precursors to significant bulge growth.