“Dominolike” Barriers Elimination with an Intratumoral Adenosine-Triphosphate-Supersensitive Nanogel to Enhance Cancer Chemoimmunotherapy
Feiran Zhang, Jingwen Dong, Kan Huang, Bowen Duan, Chenzi Li, Ruoxi Yang, Jing Li, Feng Zhi, Zhanwei Zhou, Minjie Sun
Abstract
Pathophysiological barriers in “cold” tumors seriously limit the clinical outcomes of chemoimmunotherapy. These barriers distribute in a spatial order in tumors, including immunosuppressive microenvironment, overexpressed chemokine receptors, and dense tumor mesenchyme, which require a sequential elimination in therapeutics. Herein, we reported a “dominolike” barriers elimination strategy by an intratumoral ATP supersensitive nanogel (denoted as B BLZ-945 @PAC–PTX) for enhanced chemoimmunotherapy. Once it has reached the tumor site, B BLZ-945 @PAC–PTX nanogel undergoes supersensitive collapse triggered by adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in perivascular regions and releases BLZ-945 conjugated albumin (B BLZ-945 ) to deplete tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Deeper spatial penetration of shrunk nanogel (PAC–PTX) could not only block CXCR4 on the cell membrane to decrease immunosuppressive cell recruitment but also internalize into tumor cells for tumor-killing and T cell priming. The strategy of “dominolike” barriers elimination in tumors enables immune cell infiltration for a potentiated immune response and offers a high-responsive treatment opinion for chemoimmunotherapy.