PARP inhibitors and epithelial ovarian cancer: Molecular mechanisms, clinical development and future prospective (Review)
Vera Loizzi, Girolamo Ranieri, Mariarita Laforgia, Cosmo Damiano Gadaleta, G Gargano, Anila Kardhashi, Maria De Liso, Emanuele Naglieri, Vittoria Del Vecchio, Ettore Cicinelli, Gennaro Cormio
Abstract
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) has a poor prognosis. Since the introduction of paclitaxel as antineoplastic agent >20 years ago, only a few phase III randomized trials have shown challenging data regarding different therapeutic options for facing its aggressive clinical course and granting active therapies to patients. Different studies have shown the utility of poly(ADP‑ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors in women with EOC with or without <em>BRCA</em> mutations, both germline and somatic. Three PARP inhibitors, olaparib, rucaparib and niraparib, have been recently approved by the Food and Drug Administration for clinical use in EOC patients, though with different clinical indications and profiles of toxicity, while two other molecules, veliparib and talazoparib, are still under clinical investigation. The aim of the present paper is to evaluate the current status of PARP inhibitors in terms of molecular activity, pharmacodynamic properties and clinical applications.