Time‐encoded ASL reveals lower cerebral blood flow in the early AD continuum
Carles Falcón, Paula Montesinos, Lena Václavů, Michalis Kassinopoulos, Carolina Minguillón, Karine Fauria, Diego Cascales‐Lahoz, José Contador, Aida Fernández‐Lebrero, Irene Navalpotro‐Gómez, Albert Puig‐Pijoan, Oriol Grau‐Rivera, Gwendlyn Kollmorgen, Clara Quijano‐Rubio, José Luís Molinuevo, Henrik Zetterberg, Kaj Blennow, Marc Suárez‐Calvet, Matthias J.P. van Osch, Javier Sánchez‐Gonzalez, Juan Domingo Gispert
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is reduced in cognitively impaired (CI) Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. We checked the sensitivity of time-encoded arterial spin labeling (te-ASL) in measuring CBF alterations in individuals with positive AD biomarkers and associations with relevant biomarkers in cognitively unimpaired (CU) individuals. METHODS: We compared te-ASL with single-postlabel delay (PLD) ASL in measuring CBF in 59 adults across the AD continuum, classified as CU amyloid beta (Aβ) negative (-), CU Aβ positive (+), and CI Aβ+. We sought associations of CBF with biomarkers of AD, cerebrovascular disease, synaptic dysfunction, neurodegeneration, and cognition in CU participants. RESULTS: te-ASL was more sensitive at detecting CBF reduction in the CU Aβ+ and CI Aβ+ groups. In CU participants, lower CBF was associated with altered biomarkers of Aβ, tau, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration. DISCUSSION: CBF reduction occurs early in the AD continuum. te-ASL is more sensitive than single-PLD ASL at detecting CBF changes in AD. HIGHLIGHTS: Lower CBF can be detected in CU subjects in the early AD continuum. te-ASL is more sensitive than single-PLD ASL at detecting CBF alterations in AD. CBF is linked to biomarkers of AD, synaptic dysfunction, and neurodegeneration.