Bell inequality is violated in <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mi>B</mml:mi><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">→</mml:mo><mml:mi>J</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi><mml:msup><mml:mi>K</mml:mi><mml:mo>*</mml:mo></mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">(</mml:mo><mml:mn>892</mml:mn><mml:msup><mml:mo stretchy="false">)</mml:mo><mml:mn>0</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math> decays

Abstract

The violation of the Bell inequality is one of the hallmarks of quantum mechanics and can be used to rule out local deterministic alternative descriptions. We utilize the data analysis published by the LHCb Collaboration on the helicity amplitudes for the decay <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:msup><a:mi>B</a:mi><a:mn>0</a:mn></a:msup><a:mo stretchy="false">→</a:mo><a:mi>J</a:mi><a:mo>/</a:mo><a:mi>ψ</a:mi><a:msup><a:mi>K</a:mi><a:mo>*</a:mo></a:msup><a:mo stretchy="false">(</a:mo><a:mn>892</a:mn><a:msup><a:mo stretchy="false">)</a:mo><a:mn>0</a:mn></a:msup></a:math> to compute the entanglement among the polarizations of the final vector mesons and the violation of the Bell inequality that it entails. We find that quantum entanglement can be detected with a significance well above <f:math xmlns:f="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><f:mrow><f:mn>5</f:mn><f:mi>σ</f:mi></f:mrow></f:math> (nominally <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><h:mrow><h:mn>84</h:mn><h:mi>σ</h:mi></h:mrow></h:math>) and Bell inequality is violated with a significance well above <j:math xmlns:j="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><j:mrow><j:mn>5</j:mn><j:mi>σ</j:mi></j:mrow></j:math> (nominally <l:math xmlns:l="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><l:mrow><l:mn>36</l:mn><l:mi>σ</l:mi></l:mrow></l:math>)—thereby firmly establishing these distinguishing feature of quantum mechanics at high energies in a collider setting and in the presence of strong and weak interactions. Entanglement is also present and the Bell inequality is violated in other decays of the <n:math xmlns:n="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><n:mi>B</n:mi></n:math> mesons into vector mesons, but with lesser significance. Published by the American Physical Society 2024

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