Construction of Fluoro-containing Heterocycles Mediated by Free Radicals
Ning Chen, Lei Jia, Zhichuan Wang, Yingjie Liu, Kai Sun, Shi Tang
Abstract
Fluoro-containing heterocyclics play an important role in many fields, such as organic chemistry, pharmaceutical chemistry and material science due to their excellent physical and chemical properties. However, there are few natural fluoro-containing heterocyclics in nature, so it is particularly important to develop efficient synthesis methods of fluorocontaining heterocyclics. With the rapid development of transition metal catalyzed, photocatalyzed and electrocatalyzed radical reactions, radical chemistry has made a breakthrough in the field of synthesis and stimulated the interest of organic chemists in constructing fluoro-containing heterocyclics by using radical chemistry. In this paper, monofluoroalkylation, difluoroalkylation, trifluoromethylation, trifluoroalkoxy/sulfur/selenylation, perfluoroalkylation of unsaturated hydrocarbons and direct C-H fluoroalkylation of heterocycles are classified, and the construction of fluorine-containing side chain heterocycles mediated by free radicals is discussed from the aspects of transition metal catalysis, photocatalysis and electrocatalysis.