Authorized and Rogue LTE Terminal Identification Using Wavelet Coefficient Graph with Auto-encoder
Zhenni Wu, Linning Peng, Junqing Zhang, Ming Liu, Hua Fu, Aiqun Hu
Abstract
The wide popularity of 4G/5G mobile terminals increase the requirements of wireless security. Radio frequency fingerprint (RFF) technology can strengthen 4G/5G air interface accessing security at the physical layer. In this paper, a wavelet transform (WT) coefficient graphs RFF extraction with auto-encoder (AE) based rogue terminal detection scheme is proposed. At first, WT coefficients at 48 scales are extracted from the transient-power-off part of LTE physical random access channel (PRACH) preamble. Then, an AE network structure aimed for 2D WT coefficient graph is designed for rogue terminal detection. We successfully distinguish 7 mobile phones and 1 USRP under the proposed mechanism, where the authorized terminals from the same manufacturer can be identified with an accuracy of 90.08%. In addition, extensive experiments are carried out at LOS and NOLS scenarios, respectively, the proposed LTE identification scheme has demonstrated robustness in dynamic environments.