Complex Fabrication of Zr<sup>4+</sup>, La<sup>3+</sup>, and Ce<sup>3+</sup> Coordinated Alginate-Assisted Bentonite-Based Hybrid Beads for Nitrate Removal
Ilango Aswin Kumar, Hamed A. El‐Serehy, F. Al‐Misned, Natrayasamy Viswanathan
Abstract
Worldwide, environmental researchers have been widely focused on the technological development for the removal of numerous aquatic toxic pollutants. The development of Zr4+, La3+, and Ce3+ (Lewis metal ions)-linked alginate (Alg)/bentonite (BT) (AlgBT) composites, that is, Zr@AlgBT, La@AlgBT, and Ce@AlgBT inPl the bead form, was utilized toward nitrate (NO3–) removal. The metal coordinated composite hybrid beads have an enriched NO3– sorption capacity (SC) among the utilized materials. Instrumentation processes such as thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) analysis, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the beads were performed. The effect of the parameters responsible for adsorption was optimized under the batch mode. Adsorption data was fitted with the significant parameters of isotherms, chemical kinetics, and thermodynamics. The field applicability test of the proposed beads was also explored.