N1-Methylpseudouridine and pseudouridine modifications modulate mRNA decoding during translation
Jeremy Monroe, Daniel E. Eyler, Lili Mitchell, Indrajit Deb, Abigail Bojanowski, Pooja Srinivas, C.M. Dunham, Bijoyita Roy, Aaron T. Frank, Kristin S. Koutmou
Abstract
The ribosome utilizes hydrogen bonding between mRNA codons and aminoacyl-tRNAs to ensure rapid and accurate protein production. Chemical modification of mRNA nucleobases can adjust the strength and pattern of this hydrogen bonding to alter protein synthesis. We investigate how the N1-methylpseudouridine (m1Ψ) modification, commonly incorporated into therapeutic and vaccine mRNA sequences, influences the speed and fidelity of translation. We find that m1Ψ does not substantially change the rate constants for amino acid addition by cognate tRNAs or termination by release factors. However, we also find that m1Ψ can subtly modulate the fidelity of amino acid incorporation in a codon-position and tRNA dependent manner in vitro and in human cells. Our computational modeling shows that altered energetics of mRNA:tRNA interactions largely account for the context dependence of the low levels of miscoding we observe on Ψ and m1Ψ containing codons. The outcome of translation on modified mRNA bases is thus governed by the sequence context in which they occur. Chemical modification of mRNA nucleobases alters hydrogen bonding during translation. Here the authors show that the N1-methylpseudouridine (m1ψ), used in therapeutics, does not change translation rate but modestly modulates its fidelity in a codon-position and tRNA dependent manner.