In vitro α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition and anti-inflammatory studies of Mn3O4 nanoparticles mediated using extract of Dalbergiella welwitschia
Jerry O. Adeyemi, Damian C. Onwudiwe, Adebola O. Oyedeji
Abstract
α-glucosidase is a carbohydrate digestive enzyme that increases the postprandial glucose level in many patients living with diabetes. Inhibiting its activity can reduce or control the possibilities for postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes. In this study, we studied the potential of Dalbergiella welwitschia mediated trimanganese tetraoxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) as a potential inhibitory agent against α-glucosidase enzyme and the usually accompanied subclinical inflammation that may become fostered due to increased sugar level. The Mn3O4 nanoparticles were prepared using Dalbergiella welwitschia leaf extract as a renewable, mild, non-toxic reducing agent and efficient stabilizer. The phase, morphological structure, particle size, and purity of the synthesized Mn3O4 nanoparticles were evaluated using X-ray diffraction, scanning and transmission electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis. These XRD analyses confirmed the hausmannite phase of Mn3O4 NPs with no impurities. The prepared Mn3O4 NPs were spherically shaped, and the sizes were between 35 and 40 nm, with an average size of 35.58 nm. The studies of the α-glucosidase inhibition and anti-inflammatory properties of the synthesized Mn3O4 NPs were found to possess a minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 2.50 mg/mL and 3.11 µM in both in vitro α-glucosidase and bovine serum assays respectively. These values are slightly lower than the standard drugs of metformin and diclofenac, with IC50 of 1.87 mg/mL and 2.79 µM, respectively. Nevertheless, the closeness of the IC50 values of the samples to the standard drugs in both studies showed that the Mn3O4 NPs have potential as antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory agents.