Biomarker levels in peri‐implant crevicular fluid of healthy implants, untreated and non‐surgically treated implants with peri‐implantitis
Diederik F. M. Hentenaar, Yvonne C. M. de Waal, Arjan Vissink, A.J. van Winkelhoff, Henny J. A. Meijer, Sylvia C. Liefers, Frans G. M. Kroese, Gerry M. Raghoebar
Abstract
AIM: To compare biomarker levels in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) of healthy implants with levels in PICF of implants with peri-implantitis (before and after non-surgical treatment). MATERIALS AND METHODS: (EMS). A Luminex™ assay was used to evaluate pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 and G-CSF, collagen degradation enzyme MMP-8, chemokines MCP-1 & MIP-1α/CCL3, bone markers OPG and sRANKL and interferon-γ. Clinical and radiographical characteristics were assessed. A Mann-Whitney U and Wilcoxon signed-rank test analysed between- and within-group differences. RESULTS: IL-1β and MMP-8 levels were found significantly elevated in implants with peri-implantitis (p = .007; p = <.001, respectively). No difference in levels of TNF-α, IL-6, MCP-1 and MIP-1α/CCL3, OPG and G-CSF between healthy and diseased implants was found. Levels of sRANKL and INF-γ were under the level of detection. None of the biomarker levels improved after non-surgical therapy, and levels of IL-1β and MMP-8 remained high. CONCLUSION: Implants diagnosed with peri-implantitis have higher levels of IL-1β and MMP-8 in PICF compared to healthy implants. Non-surgical therapy did not influence the inflammatory immune response.