Two phase heat transfer approaches for battery thermal management: Current status, challenges and future outlook
Chong Tak Yaw, Reji Kumar Rajamony, Yasir Ali Bhutto, Balaji Bakthavatchalam, Ravi Kumar Kottala, K. Chopra, Johnny Koh Siaw Paw, Camellia Doroody, Haiter Lenin Allasi, Manzoore Elahi M. Soudagar
Abstract
• Heat generation, thermal runway and heat transfer techniques were discussed. • Two phase cooling battery thermal management were extensively discussed. • Techno economic analysis of PCM/NEPCM based BTMS was discussed. • Machine learning potential applications and insightful perspectives are proposed. • The technical challenges and future insights of emerging BTMS are discussed. Despite the increasing adoption of lithium-ion batteries for greener energy solutions, their thermal safety remains significant concern, specifically in energy storage power stations and electric vehicles with high energy storage density. As a result, Battery Thermal Management Systems (BTMS) have been widely implemented, with growing attention on two-phase heat transfer based BTMS, which are rapidly advancing. Two-phase heat transfer technology, where the working medium absorbs and releases latent heat, is seen as a promising approach to improve the efficiency of current BTMS. This review article offers an in-depth analysis of the principal concerns of heat production and its effects on lithium-ion batteries, as well as the heat transfer mechanisms within battery cells. It offers a comprehensive review of recent advancements and challenges in thermal management, focusing on emerging two-phase heat transfer based BTMS. Additionally, the integration of nano-enhanced phase change materials (NePCM) in lithium-ion battery systems is highlighted for their potential to improve performance. The article also presents a critical evaluation of the techno-economic benefits of PCM/NEPCM-based BTMS. Finally, it identifies potential areas for future research, emphasizing the importance of innovative thinking to enhance system resilience in two-phase heat transfer in lithium-ion batteries. This study serves as a valuable resource for researchers, engineers, and industry professionals involved in the development and optimization of BTMS, offering key insights into effective heat management to improve both safety and performance.