Challenges for and Pathways toward Li-Metal-Based All-Solid-State Batteries
Paul Albertus, Venkataramani Anandan, Chunmei Ban, Nitash P. Balsara, Ilias Belharouak, Josh Buettner-Garrett, Zonghai Chen, Claus Daniel, Marca M. Doeff, Nancy J. Dudney, Bruce Dunn, Stephen J. Harris, Subramanya P Herle, Éric Herbert, Sergiy Kalnaus, Joesph A. Libera, Dongping Lu, Steve W. Martin, Bryan D. McCloskey, Matthew T. McDowell, Ying Shirley Meng, Jagjit Nanda, Jeff Sakamoto, Ethan C. Self, Sanja Tepavcevic, Eric D. Wachsman, Chunsheng Wang, Andrew S. Westover, Jie Xiao, Thomas A. Yersak
Abstract
Solid-state batteries utilizing Li metal anodes have the potential to enable improved performance (specific energy >500 Wh/kg, energy density >1500 Wh/L), safety, recyclability, and potentially lower cost (<$100/kWh) compared to advanced Li-ion systems.1,2 These improvements are critical for the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) and trucks and could create a short-haul electric aviation industry.1-3 Expectations for solid-state batteries are high, but there are significant materials and processing challenges to overcome.