3D-ICE 3.0: Efficient Nonlinear MPSoC Thermal Simulation With Pluggable Heat Sink Models
Federico Terraneo, Alberto Leva, William Fornaciari, Marina Zapater, David Atienza
Abstract
The increasing power density in modern high-performance multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) is fueling a revolution in thermal management. On the one hand, thermal phenomena are becoming a critical concern, making accurate and efficient simulation a necessity. On the other hand, a variety of physically heterogeneous solutions is coming into play: liquid, evaporative, thermoelectric cooling, and more. A new generation of simulators, with unprecedented flexibility, is thus required. In this article, we present 3D-ICE 3.0, the first thermal simulator to allow for accurate nonlinear descriptions of complex and physically heterogeneous heat dissipation systems, while preserving the efficiency of latest compact modeling frameworks at the silicon die level. 3D-ICE 3.0 allows designers to extend the thermal simulator with new heat sink models while simplifying the time-consuming step of model validation. The support for nonlinear dynamic models is included, for instance, to accurately represent variable coolant flows. Our results present validated models of a commercial water heat sink and an air heat sink plus fan that achieve an average error below 1 °C and simulate, respectively, up to <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$12\times $ </tex-math></inline-formula> faster than the real physical phenomena.