Whole-genome analysis of TET dioxygenase function in regulatory T cells
Xiaojing Yue, Daniela Samaniego‐Castruita, Edahí González‐Avalos, Xiang Li, Benjamin G. Barwick, Anjana Rao
Abstract
TET methylcytosine dioxygenases are essential for the stability and function of regulatory T cells (Treg cells), which maintain immune homeostasis and self-tolerance and express the lineage-determining transcription factor Foxp3. Here, we use whole-genome analyses to show that the transcriptional program and epigenetic features (DNA modification, chromatin accessibility) of Treg cells are attenuated in the absence of Tet2 and Tet3. Conversely, the addition of the TET activator vitamin C during TGFβ-induced iTreg cell differentiation in vitro potentiates the expression of Treg signature genes and alters the epigenetic landscape to better resemble that of Treg cells generated in vivo. Vitamin C enhances IL-2 responsiveness in iTreg cells by increasing IL2Rα expression, STAT5 phosphorylation, and STAT5 binding, mimicking the IL-2/STAT5 dependence of Treg cells generated in vivo. In summary, TET proteins play essential roles in maintaining Treg molecular features and promoting their dependence on IL-2. TET activity during endogenous Treg development and potentiation of TET activity by vitamin C during iTreg differentiation are necessary to maintain the transcriptional and epigenetic features of Treg cells. Genomic analyses of wildtype and TET-deficient Treg cells, and iTreg cells treated with the TET activator Vitamin C, show that TET proteins are essential for the maintenance of Treg signatures and IL-2/STAT5 signaling. Genomic analyses of wildtype and TET-deficient Treg cells, and iTreg cells treated with the TET activator Vitamin C, show that TET proteins are essential for the maintenance of Treg signatures and IL-2/STAT5 signaling.