Chemical Composition of <i>Achillea millefolium</i> L. and Their Anti‐Inflammatory Activity
Xinge Huang, Nannan Xu, Zhitao Liu, Hongliang Li, Hui Lu, Jun Li
Abstract
Abstract A new monoterpene, (−)‐10‐hydroxydihydroactinidiolide ( 1 ), along with two known monoterpenes, loliolide ( 2 ) and (+)‐isololiolide ( 3 ), three known megastigmanes, 3 α ‐hydroxy‐5 β ,6 β ‐epoxy‐ β‐ ionone ( 4 ), 3 α ‐hydroxy‐5 α ,6 α ‐epoxy‐ β‐ ionone ( 5 ), and (+)‐dehydrovomifoliol ( 6 ), a eudesmane‐type sesquiterpene, 4 α ‐hydroxy‐4 β‐ methyldihydrocostol ( 7 ), a monoterpene, 8‐hydroxycarvotanacetone ( 8 ), two flavonoids, chrysoeriol ( 9 ) and apigenin ( 10 ), and a phenylpropanoid, 3‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)‐1‐propanol ( 11 ), were isolated from the whole plant of Achillea millefolium . The structure of compound 1 was identified according to spectroscopic data of HRMS and NMR, and its absolute configuration was assigned by 13 C NMR calculations with DP4+ probability analyses and ECD calculations. The absolute configuration of compound 6 was determined by ECD calculations. Compounds 3 , 6 , 9 and 10 could dose‐dependently inhibit the NO release in LPS‐induced RAW264.7 cells.