BATS: A Blockchain and AI-Empowered Drone-Assisted Telesurgery System Towards 6G
Rajesh Gupta, Arpit Shukla, Sudeep Tanwar
Abstract
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has great potential in diverse real-time mission-critical applications and one such application is telesurgery or robotic surgery. However, some issues like security, throughput, reliability, trust, and transparency are still challenging in an AI-enabled telesurgery system. Motivated from these challenges, in this paper, we propose a blockchain and AI-empowered telesurgery system towards 6G called <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BATS</i> , which is a self-manageable, secure, transparent, and trustable system with massive Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communication (mURLLC). <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BATS</i> uses AI algorithms such as eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) to classify the disease with their criticality score ranging from 0 to 1. Moreover, <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BATS</i> uses UAVs to transport light-weight healthcare items such as medicines and surgical tools in an emergent situation (during surgical procedures) to avoid road-traffic congestions. Results show that the proposed <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">BATS</i> scheme achieves better prediction accuracy, high throughput when the number of users increases, extremely low packet loss ratio, low storage cost, high mining profit, and low bandwidth consumption by the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) compared to the traditional <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">HaBiTs</i> and <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">AaYusH</i> schemes.