Root Microbiome Modulates Plant Growth Promotion Induced by Low Doses of Glyphosate
Darío X. Ramírez-Villacis, Omri M. Finkel, Isai Salas-González, Connor R. Fitzpatrick, Jeffery L. Dangl, Corbin D. Jones, Antonio León-Reyes
Abstract
Since the introduction of glyphosate-resistant crops, glyphosate has become the most common and widely used herbicide around the world. Due to its intensive use and ability to bind to soil particles, it can be found at low concentrations in the environment. The effect of these remnants of glyphosate in plants has not been broadly studied; however, glyphosate 1,000 to 100,000 times less concentrated than the recommended field dose promoted growth in several species in laboratory and greenhouse experiments. However, this effect is rarely observed in agricultural fields, where complex communities of microbes have a central role in the way plants respond to external cues. Our study reveals how root-associated bacteria modulate the responses of Arabidopsis to low doses of glyphosate, shifting between growth promotion and growth inhibition.