Contemporary Whole Slide Imaging Devices and Their Applications within the Modern Pathology Department: A Selected Hardware Review
Ankush Patel, Ulysses J. Balis, Jerome Cheng, Zaibo Li, Giovanni Lujan, David S. McClintock, Liron Pantanowitz, Anil V. Parwani
Abstract
Digital pathology (DP) has disrupted the practice of traditional pathology, including applications in education, research, and clinical practice. Contemporary whole slide imaging (WSI) devices include technological advances that help address some of the challenges facing modern pathology, such as increasing workloads with fewer subspecialized pathologists, expanding integrated delivery networks with global reach, and greater customization when working up cases for precision medicine. This review focuses on integral hardware components of 43 market available and soon-to-be released digital WSI devices utilized throughout the world. Components such as objective lens type and magnification, scanning camera, illumination, and slide capacity were evaluated with respect to scan time, throughput, accuracy of scanning, and image quality. This analysis of assorted modern WSI devices offers essential, valuable information for successfully selecting and implementing a digital WSI solution for any given pathology practice.