Performance of TDDFT Vertical Excitation Energies of Core‐Substituted Naphthalene Diimides
Ayush K. Narsaria, Jessica H.J. de Ruijter, Trevor A. Hamlin, Andreas W. Ehlers, Célia Fonseca Guerra, Koop Lammertsma, F. Matthias Bickelhaupt
Abstract
Abstract We have evaluated the performance of various density functionals, covering generalized gradient approximation (GGA), global hybrid (GH) and range‐separated hybrid (RSH), using time dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) for computing vertical excitation energies against experimental absorption maximum (λ max ) for a set of 10 different core‐substituted naphthalene diimides (cNDI) recorded in dichloromethane. The computed excitation in case of GH PBE0 is most accurate while the trend is most systematic with RSH LCY‐BLYP compared to λ max . We highlight the importance of including solvent effects for optimal agreement with the λ max . Increasing the basis set size from TZ2P to QZ4P has a negligible influence on the computed excitation energies. Notably, RSH CAMY‐B3LYP gave the least error for charge‐transfer excitation. The poorest agreement with λ max is obtained with semi‐local GGA functionals. Use of the optimally‐tuned RSH LCY‐BLYP* is not recommended because of the high computational cost and marginal improvement in results.