Phylogeny Reveals Novel HipA-Homologous Kinase Families and Toxin-Antitoxin Gene Organizations
Kenn Gerdes, René L. Bærentsen, Ditlev E. Brodersen
Abstract
toxin-antitoxin (TA) module of E. coli. HipA-homologous kinases phosphorylate and thereby inactivate specific tRNA synthetases, thus inhibiting protein translation and cell proliferation. Here, we present a comprehensive phylogenetic analysis of bacterial Hip kinases and discover seven new families with novel operon structures and domains. Overall, Hip kinases are encoded by TA modules with at least 10 different genetic organizations, 7 of which have not been described before. These results open up exciting avenues for the experimental analysis of the superfamily of Hip kinases.
Topics & Concepts
AntitoxinPhylogeneticsGeneHomologous chromosomeToxinKinaseComputational biologyBiologyGeneticsEvolutionary biologyEndoplasmic Reticulum Stress and DiseaseEnzyme Structure and FunctionCell death mechanisms and regulation