Comprehensive Review: Technological Approaches, Properties, and Applications of Pure and Reinforced Polyamide 6 (PA6) and Polyamide 12 (PA12) Composite Materials
Marcel Kohutiar, Lucia Kakošová, Michal Krbaťa, Róbert Janík, Jozef Jaroslav Fekiač, Alena Breznická, Maroš Eckert, Pavol Mikuš, Ľudmila Timárová
Abstract
This article presents a comprehensive analysis of polyamide 6 (PA6) and polyamide 12 (PA12) composites fabricated using additive manufacturing technologies such as Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and Multi Jet Fusion (MJF). It focuses on the mechanical properties, preparation processes, and the influence of technological parameters on the final material characteristics. PA6 is characterized by a higher degree of crystallinity, contributing to its strength and resistance to high temperatures, whereas PA12 exhibits a more amorphous structure, offering better dimensional stability and lower moisture absorption. The article examines these properties and their implications for the use of composites in various applications. Applications of PA6 and PA12 composites span a wide range of industries, including automotive, aerospace, and electronics, where they provide a combination of high strength, wear resistance, and chemical stability. Mechanical properties, such as tensile strength and toughness, are analyzed within the context of modern manufacturing processes, with MJF technology delivering more homogeneous properties compared to traditional methods. The preparation process of these composites involves optimizing temperature, cooling rates, and material layering, which significantly impact the final properties and the applicability of the composites.