Cannabidiol and Intestinal Motility: a Systematic Review
Galaxie Story, Carrie‐Ellen Briere, David Julian McClements, David A. Sela
Abstract
Cannabidiol (CBD) is a non-intoxicating cannabinoid extracted from the cannabis plant that is used for medicinal purposes. Ingestion of CBD is claimed to address several pathologies, including gastrointestinal disorders, although limited evidence has been generated thus far to substantiate many of its health claims. Nevertheless, CBD usage as an over-the-counter treatment for gastrointestinal disorders is likely to expand in response to increasing commercial availability, permissive legal status, and acceptance by consumers. This systematic review critically evaluates the knowledge boundaries of the published research on CBD, intestinal motility, and intestinal motility disorders. Research on CBD and intestinal motility is currently limited but does support the safety and efficacy of CBD for several therapeutic applications, including seizure disorders, inflammatory responses, and upper gastrointestinal dysfunction (i.e., nausea and vomiting). CBD, therefore, may have therapeutic potential for addressing functional gastrointestinal disorders. The results of this review show promising in vitro and pre-clinical data supporting a role of CBD in intestinal motility. This includes improved gastrointestinal related outcomes in murine models of colitis. These studies, however, vary by dose, delivery method, and CBD extract composition. Clinical trials have yet to find a conclusive benefit of CBD on intestinal motility disorders, but these trials have been limited in scope. In addition, critical factors such as CBD dosing parameters have not yet been established. Further research will establish the efficacy of CBD in applications to address intestinal motility. CBD is increasingly incorporated into foods and supplements and has already entered clinical care. Despite limited data, CBD is widely used to address gastrointestinal disorders primarily through anecdotal evidence. This review summarizes the current scientific understanding to identify knowledge gaps and establish a foundation for this topic for further development of CBD-based therapies for gastrointestinal disorders.