Lactate: The Mediator of Metabolism and Immunosuppression
Yuanyuan Zhang, Zhao Zhai, Jiali Duan, Xiangcai Wang, Jinghua Zhong, Jinghua Zhong, Longqiu Wu, An Li, Miao Cao, Yanyang Wu, Huaqiu Shi, Jianing Zhong, Jianing Zhong, Zhenli Guo
Abstract
using glucose for glycolysis. As a metabolite, lactate not only serves as a substrate to provide energy for supporting cell growth and development but also acts as an important signal molecule to affect the biochemical functions of intracellular proteins and regulate the biological functions of different kinds of cells. Notably, histone lysine lactylation (Kla) is identified as a novel post-modification and carcinogenic signal, which provides the promising and potential therapeutic targets for tumors. Therefore, the metabolism and functional mechanism of lactate are becoming one of the hot fields in tumor research. Here, we review the production of lactate and its regulation on immunosuppressive cells, as well as the important role of Kla in hepatocellular carcinoma. Lactate and Kla supplement the knowledge gap in oncology and pave the way for exploring the mechanism of oncogenesis and therapeutic targets. Research is still needed in this field.