Intraprocedural hologram support with mixed-reality technique in endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage
Kazumasa Nagai, Maki Sugimoto, Takasyoshi Tsuchiya, Ryosuke Tonozuka, Shuntaro Mukai, Kenjiro Yamamoto, Takao Itoi
Abstract
Endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) is being used increasingly frequently in patients with benign biliary diseases [1] [2]. However, puncturing and exploring the intrahepatic bile duct, which runs in a complicated tortuous fashion, can be challenging using two-dimensional (2D) images of EUS and fluoroscopy. Successful EUS-BD is necessary to understand the biliary anatomy, identify the appropriate puncture point, and advance the guidewire smoothly. Thus, it would be ideal to have a device that could confirm the bile duct route with a three-dimensional (3D) device during the procedure. Holograms, which are computer-generated graphics models, have recently been used with mixed reality techniques as a surgical navigation tool [3] [4]. Herein we report the first case of EUS-BD using a 3D hologram of the bile duct.