Exploring telemental health practice before, during, and after the COVID-19 pandemic
Demi Zhu, Samantha R. Paige, Henry Slone, Arianna Gutierrez, Caroline Lutzky, Hannah Hedriana, Janelle Barrera, Triton Ong, Brian E. Bunnell
Abstract
Introduction This study investigated how mental health providers' use of telemedicine has changed since the coronavirus disease (COVID) 2019 pandemic and their expectations for continuing to use it once the pandemic ends. Methods A 15-min online survey was completed by 175 practicing and licensed telemental health providers who use telemedicine. In addition to personal and professional demographic items, the survey included items about the frequency of telemedicine use, proportion of caseload served by telemedicine, comfort using telemedicine before and during the COVID-19 pandemic, and expectations to use telemedicine after the pandemic ends. A series of χ 2 analyses, an independent samples t-test, and analyses of variance were conducted. Results The pandemic resulted in a greater proportion of telemental health providers using telemedicine on a daily basis (17% before and 40% during the pandemic; p < 0.01) and serving more than half of their caseload remotely (9.1% before and 57.7% during the pandemic; p < 0.05). Also, there was a statistically significant increase in their comfort using telemedicine before and during the pandemic ( p < 0.001). Providers reported expecting to use telemedicine more often after the pandemic ends ( M = 3.35; SD = 0.99). Expectations to provide telemental health services after the pandemic were greater for mental health counselors, providers who practiced in rural regions, and providers who served patients through out-of-pocket payments. Discussion Telemental health providers use telemedicine daily as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic, with expectations of continuing to use telemedicine in practice after the pandemic. This expectation is more prominent in certain segments of providers and warrants further investigation.