Accelerated Development of Rod Photoreceptors in Retinal Organoids Derived from Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by Supplementation with 9-cis Retinal
Ryan A. Kelley, Holly Y. Chen, Anand Swaroop, Tiansen Li
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can be differentiated into retinal organoids with proper neural layer organization, yet the protocols are technically challenging and time consuming. We have modified a widely used differentiation protocol by switching all-trans retinoic acid with 9-cis retinal to accelerate photoreceptor differentiation and improve morphogenesis. In this report, we provide a detailed and improved protocol to generate retinal organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Kaya et al. (2019).
Topics & Concepts
RetinalInduced pluripotent stem cellOrganoidHuman Induced Pluripotent Stem CellsCell biologyBiologyRetinoic acidNeuroscienceEmbryonic stem cellCell cultureGeneticsBotanyGeneRetinal Development and DisordersPhotoreceptor and optogenetics researchCRISPR and Genetic Engineering