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MXene‐Based Catalysts for Electrocatalytic Nitrogen Reduction Reaction

Zhekai Song, Shiyuan Fan, Zhijie Cui, Wenchao Peng, Zhiying Wang, Jiapeng Liu

2025Small9 citationsDOIOpen Access PDF

Abstract

Abstract Ammonia (NH 3 ) is a key raw material for fertilizer production, as well as an emerging clean energy source. Presently, the current principal strategy for industrial NH 3 production is the Haber–Bosch process, which consumes energy and causes environmental problems. Because of its potential for mild reaction conditions and environmentally friendly, sustainable production, the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has garnered a lot of attention as an NH 3 synthesis technique. However, it has also encountered certain difficulties, such as low faradaic efficiency (FE) and low NH 3 yield rate. Therefore, developing high‐performance catalysts for the NRR has become a key objective. Transition metal carbides/nitrides/carbon nitrides (MXene) are a recently created 2D material that has a unique layered structure, a large specific surface area, high electrical conductivity, and unique physicochemical properties. These advantages demonstrate that MXene‐based materials exhibit the great development potential as NRR catalysts. Consequently, this review offers a thorough summary of MXene composition, characteristics, and production methods. In addition, a summary of the most recent developments in MXene‐based NRR catalyst research is provided. Lastly, the present difficulties and potential for future advancements in MXene‐based NRR catalysts are examined. For the later development of MXene‐based NRR catalysts, this review offered scientific direction.

Topics & Concepts

CatalysisAmmonia productionRaw materialRedoxAmmoniaFaraday efficiencyNanotechnologyYield (engineering)Production (economics)NitrogenSustainable energyTransition metalMaterials scienceChemistryReaction conditionsEnvironmentally friendlyNitrideClean energyGreen chemistryHigh energyChemical energyMetalLow energyPrecious metalRenewable energyBiochemical engineeringReduction (mathematics)Oxygen reduction reactionEnvironmental scienceInorganic chemistryCharacterization (materials science)Key (lock)Energy transformationOxidation reductionPrincipal (computer security)Process engineeringChemical industryChemical engineeringAmmonia Synthesis and Nitrogen ReductionAdvanced Photocatalysis TechniquesMXene and MAX Phase Materials
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