European grapevine moth, Lobesia botrana Part II: Prevention and management
Giovanni Benelli, Andrea Lucchi, Gianfranco Anfora, B. Bagnoli, Marcos Botton, Raquel Campos‐Herrera, Cristina Carlos, Matthew P. Daugherty, César Gemeno, Ally R. Harari, Christoph Hoffmann, C. Ioriatti, Rodrigo Javier López Plantey, Annette Reineke, Renato Ricciardi, Emmanouil Roditakis, Gregory S. Simmons, Wee Tek Tay, Luis M. Torres‐Vila, John Vontas, Denis Thiéry
Abstract
Lobesia botrana (Denis & Schiffermüller) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), commonly known as the European grapevine moth (EGVM), is a primary pest of vineyards. This article provides an updated review of its monitoring, modelling, and management tools. EGVM management strategies analysed here include insecticide-based control, insecticide resistance, side-effects (particularly those caused by the exposure to sublethal doses of pesticides), cultural control, sterile insect technique, pheromone-mediated control strategies (with special reference to pheromone-based mating disruption), biological control, and area-wide control programs. Lastly, we outline significant challenges for future EGVM research and sustainable control implementation.