Steamed Ginger Extract Exerts Anti-inflammatory Effects in <i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-infected Gastric Epithelial Cells through Inhibition of NF-κB
Moon-Young Song, Da-Young Lee, Sang-Yong Park, Seul-A Seo, Jeong-Seung Hwang, Soo-Hyeon Heo, Eun-Hee Kim
Abstract
Ginger (Zingiber officinale) has traditionally been used as a treatment for inflammatory diseases in the Asian region. Recently, anti-inflammatory effects of steamed ginger extract (GGE03) have been reported, but its association with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-induced gastritis has not been investigated. The purpose of this study was to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of GGE03 in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. Our studies revealed that the GGE03 suppressed the growth of H. pylori. GGE03 markedly reduced the expression of the H. pylori-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-8, TNF-, IL-6, inducible NOS (iNOS) and IFN-. We also demonstrated that GGE03 treatment inhibited the H. pylori-activated NF-B signaling pathway. In addition, the treatment with GGE03 significantly attenuated nitric oxide production and myeloperoxidase activity in H. pylori-infected gastric epithelial cells. These anti-inflammatory effects of GGE03 were more effective than ginger extract. Finally, we investigated the minimum effective concentration of GGE03 to inhibit H. pylori-induced inflammation. Our findings suggest that GGE03 not only inhibits the growth of H. pylori, but also attenuates H. pylori-induced inflammation.